The Neapolitan Mastiff, often referred to as the Neo, is indeed a unique and powerful breed with a rich history. Here’s a summary of the key information about this breed:

Physical Characteristics:

• Neapolitan Mastiffs are large, rectangular-looking dogs with abundant hanging wrinkles and folds on their head and a large dewlap.
• They have a wide, flat head that is large in comparison to the rest of their body, with a muzzle that is one-third the length of their head and a well-defined stop.
• The deep-set eyes are almost covered by dropping upper lids and come in amber to brown colors.
• Ears may be cropped or left natural, and tails are carried straight up and curved over the back.
• The breed has a dense, short coat that comes in various colors, including gray, blue, black, chocolate, mahogany, and tawny, sometimes with brindle and white markings.

Temperament:

• Neapolitan Mastiffs are affectionate, calm, peaceful, and loving dogs that enjoy the company of family and friends.
• They are intelligent, very protective, courageous, serious, and mild-mannered.
• While generally quiet, they will bark when necessary.
• They can be reserved with strangers but can be socialized to be more accepting.
• Neos are usually loving with children, but children should be taught how to display leadership skills.
• Socialization is essential, and obedience training is crucial.
• They require a dominant owner who can establish control and leadership.

Health Issues:

• Neapolitan Mastiffs are prone to health issues such as cherry eye, hip dysplasia, bloat, and pano-osmosis (joint pain during growth).
• They are usually born via caesarian section due to their size.

Exercise and Living Conditions:

• Neos need daily, long walks and should be exercised at least twice a day.
• They can do well in apartments with sufficient exercise.
• Extra caution is needed in warm weather to provide shade and water.

Life Expectancy:

• The Neapolitan Mastiff has a relatively short life expectancy of up to 10 years.

Grooming:

• They have a short coat that is easy to groom, with loose, dead hair removed using a rubber brush.

Origin:

• The Neapolitan Mastiff is descended from the ancient Tibetan Mastiff and was introduced to Europe, including Greece and Rome, around 300 BC.
• The breed is a direct descendant of the Roman Molossus and has a history dating back two thousand years in Campania, Italy.
• It was officially recognized in 1946, and its standard was set in 1949.
• Neos were originally bred for use in war and in Roman arena spectacles and later used as guard dogs by the Italian police, army, and estate owners.

In summary, the Neapolitan Mastiff is a powerful and loyal breed that requires a firm and experienced owner. They are protective and loving when properly trained and socialized, making them formidable guard dogs and devoted family pets. However, their unique appearance and specific care requirements mean they are not a breed for everyone.